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  • How the Quran Is Preserved

    An illustrated account of Quran preservation: Birmingham, Chester Beatty and Topkapi manuscripts, textual variants, Code 19 and the confirming Messenger of the Covenant. Continue reading

    How the Quran Is Preserved
  • Was Muhammad Really Illiterate?

    The Quranic case for Muhammad’s literacy: the meaning of ummi, the writing language of 29:48 and 25:5, and the treaty reports describing him taking a document and writing. Continue reading

    Was Muhammad Really Illiterate?